Flat Conditions for Custom Home Building

2024-11-21T08:17:34-06:00

NAHB’s analysis of Census Data from the Quarterly Starts and Completions by Purpose and Design survey indicates relatively flat conditions for custom home builders after a period slight softening of market share due to declining mortgage interest rates. However, post-election stock market gains should support custom building at the end of 2024 and going into 2025. There were 48,000 total custom building starts during the third quarter of 2024. This marks a 4% decline compared to the third quarter of 2023. Over the last four quarters, custom housing starts totaled 178,000 homes, just below a 1% decline compared to the prior four quarter total (179,000). After share declines due to a rise in spec building in the wake of the pandemic, the market share for custom homes increased until 2023 and then entered a period of retrenchment. As measured on a one-year moving average, the market share of custom home building, in terms of total single-family starts, has fallen back to 17%. This is down from a prior cycle peak of 31.5% set during the second quarter of 2009 and a 21% local peak rate at the beginning of 2023. Note that this definition of custom home building does not include homes intended for sale, so the analysis in this post uses a narrow definition of the sector. It represents home construction undertaken on a contract basis for which the builder does not hold tax basis in the structure during construction. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Flat Conditions for Custom Home Building2024-11-21T08:17:34-06:00

Growth for Single-Family Built-for-Rent Construction

2024-11-20T08:18:34-06:00

Single-family built-for-rent construction posted year-over-year gains for the third quarter of 2024, as builders sought to add additional rental housing in a market facing ongoing, elevated mortgage interest rates. According to NAHB’s analysis of data from the Census Bureau’s Quarterly Starts and Completions by Purpose and Design, there were approximately 24,000 single-family built-for-rent (SFBFR) starts during the third quarter of 2024. This is 41% higher than the third quarter of 2023. Over the last four quarters, 92,000 such homes began construction, which is a more than 31% increase compared to the 70,000 estimated SFBFR starts in the four quarters prior to that period. The SFBFR market is a source of inventory amid challenges over housing affordability and downpayment requirements in the for-sale market, particularly during a period when a growing number of people want more space and a single-family structure. Single-family built-for-rent construction differs in terms of structural characteristics compared to other newly-built single-family homes, particularly with respect to home size. However, investor demand for single-family homes, both existing and new, has cooled with higher interest rates. Nonetheless, builders continue to build projects of built-for-rent homes for their own operation. Given the relatively small size of this market segment, the quarter-to-quarter movements typically are not statistically significant. The current four-quarter moving average of market share (9%) is nonetheless higher than the historical average of 2.7% (1992-2012). Importantly, as measured for this analysis, the estimates noted above include only homes built and held by the builder for rental purposes. The estimates exclude homes that are sold to another party for rental purposes, which NAHB estimates may represent another three to five percent of single-family starts based on industry surveys. However, this investor market has cooled somewhat in recent quarters due to higher interest rates. The Census data notes an elevated share of single-family homes built as condos (non-fee simple), with this share averaging more than 4% over recent quarters. Some, but certainly not all, of these homes will be used for rental purposes. Additionally, it is theoretically possible some single-family built-for-rent units are being counted in multifamily starts, as a form of “horizontal multifamily,” given these units are often built on a single plat of land. However, spot checks by NAHB with permitting offices indicate no evidence of this data issue occurring. With the onset of the Great Recession and declines for the homeownership rate, the share of built-for-rent homes increased in the years after the recession. While the market share of SFBFR homes is small, it has clearly expanded. Given affordability challenges in the for-sale market, the SFBFR market will likely retain an elevated market share even as the rest of the building market expands in the coming quarters. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Growth for Single-Family Built-for-Rent Construction2024-11-20T08:18:34-06:00

Single-Family Permits Higher in September 2024  

2024-11-15T09:16:15-06:00

Over the first nine months of 2024, the total number of single-family permits issued year-to-date (YTD) nationwide reached 763,990. On a year-over-year (YoY) basis, this is an increase of 10.1% over the September 2023 level of 693,908. Year-to-date ending in September, single-family permits were up in all four regions. The range of permit increases spanned 15.8% in the West to 7.8% in the South. The Midwest was up by 11.8% and the Northeast was up by 10.1% in single-family permits during this time. For multifamily permits, three out of the four regions posted declines. The Northeast, driven by New York, was the only region to post an increase and was up by 30.1%. Meanwhile, the West posted a decline of 31.7%, the South declined by 20.7%, and the Midwest declined by 8.4%. Between September 2024 YTD and September 2023 YTD, 46 states and the District of Columbia posted an increase in single-family permits. The range of increases spanned 43.6% in New Mexico to 0.4% in Oregon. Maryland (-1.5%), New Hampshire (-1.6%), Alaska (-4.3%), and Hawaii (-7.7%) reported declines in single-family permits. The ten states issuing the highest number of single-family permits combined accounted for 63.1% of the total single-family permits issued. Texas, the state with the highest number of single-family permits, issued 122,976 permits over the first nine months of 2024, which is an increase of 10.5% compared to the same period last year. The succeeding highest state, Florida, was up by 1.7%, while the third highest, North Carolina, posted an increase of 8.5%. Year-to-date ending in September, the total number of multifamily permits issued nationwide reached 362,543. This is 16.4% below the September 2023 level of 433,862. Between September 2024 YTD and September 2023 YTD, 17 states recorded growth in multifamily permits, while 32 states and the District of Columbia recorded a decline. Georgia reported no change. Rhode Island (+134.6%) led the way with a sharp rise in multifamily permits from 309 to 725, while the District of Columbia had the biggest decline of 70.5% from 2,600 to 766. The ten states issuing the highest number of multifamily permits combined accounted for 63.2% of the multifamily permits issued. Over the first nine months of 2024, Texas, the state with the highest number of multifamily permits issued, experienced a decline of 27.5%. Following closely, the second-highest state in multifamily permits, Florida, saw a decline of 27.0%. California, the third largest multifamily issuing state, decreased by 33.4%. At the local level, below are the top ten metro areas that issued the highest number of single-family permits. For multifamily permits, below are the top ten local areas that issued the highest number of permits. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Single-Family Permits Higher in September 2024  2024-11-15T09:16:15-06:00

Private Residential Construction Spending Rises in September 

2024-11-01T13:23:40-05:00

Private residential construction spending inched up 0.2% in September, according to the Census Construction Spending data. The September report shows a 4.1% rise compared to a year ago.   The monthly increase in total private construction spending for September was largely due to more spending on single-family construction. Spending on single-family construction rose by 0.4% in September. This broke a five-month streak of declines, aligning with the modest gains in single-family starts during September. Compared to a year ago, spending on single-family construction was 0.9% higher.   In contrast, multifamily construction spending continued to decline, edging down 0.1% in September after a dip of 0.3% in August. Year-over-year, spending on multifamily construction was down 8.1%, as there is an elevated level of apartments under construction being completed. Meanwhile, private residential improvement spending stayed flat for the month and was 13.5% higher than a year ago.   The NAHB construction spending index is shown in the graph below. The index illustrates how spending on single-family construction has slowed since early 2024 under the pressure of elevated interest rates. Multifamily construction spending growth has also slowed down after the peak in July 2023. Meanwhile, improvement spending has increased its pace since late 2023.  Spending on private nonresidential construction was up 3.5% over a year ago. The annual private nonresidential spending increase was mainly due to higher spending for the class of manufacturing ($39.4 billion), followed by the power category ($6.9 billion).  Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Private Residential Construction Spending Rises in September 2024-11-01T13:23:40-05:00

Hurricanes and Strikes Hit Labor Market in October

2024-11-01T11:18:34-05:00

Job growth decelerated significantly in October, driven by the effects of strikes and hurricanes. As stated in this month’s job report, October data are “the first collected since Hurricanes Helene and Milton struck the United States”. Despite lower monthly job gains, the unemployment rate held steady at 4.1%, indicating the labor market remains solid. In October, wage growth remained unchanged. Wages grew at a 4.0% year-over-year (YOY) growth rate, down 0.3 percentage points from a year ago. Wage growth is outpacing inflation, which typically occurs as productivity increases. National Employment According to the Employment Situation Summary reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 12,000 in October, down sharply from a downwardly revised increase of 223,000 jobs in September, marking the smallest monthly job gain in years. The estimates for the previous two months were revised lower. The monthly change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised down by 81,000, from +159,000 to +78,000, while the change for September was revised down by 31,000 from +254,000 to +223,000. Combined, the revisions were 112,000 lower than previously reported. In the first ten months of 2024, 1,701,000 jobs were created. Additionally, monthly employment growth averaged 170,000 per month, compared to the 251,000 monthly average gain for 2023. The Fed’s easing cycle began on September 18, marking the end of a period of restrictive monetary policy. The U.S. economy has created about 8 million jobs since March 2022, when the Fed enacted the first interest rate hike of this cycle. The unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.1% in October. While the number of employed persons decreased by 368,000, the number of unemployed persons rose by 150,000. Meanwhile, the labor force participation rate—the proportion of the population either looking for a job or already holding a job—decreased by one percentage point to 62.6%. However, for people aged between 25 and 54, the participation rate declined for the third straight month to 83.5%. This rate still exceeds the pre-pandemic level of 83.1%. Meanwhile, the overall labor force participation rate remains below its pre-pandemic levels of 63.3% at the beginning of 2020. In October, employment continued to trend up in health care (+52,000) and government (+40,000). Temporary help for business and professional services lost 49,000 jobs. Manufacturing employment fell by 46,000 in October. The BLS noted that a decline of 44,000 in transportation equipment manufacturing was “largely due to strike activity.” Construction Employment Employment in the overall construction sector increased by 8,000 in October, after 27,000 gains in September. While residential construction shed 5,300 jobs, non-residential construction employment added 13,500 jobs for the month. Residential construction employment now stands at 3.4 million in October, broken down as 957,000 builders and 2.4 million residential specialty trade contractors. The 6-month moving average of job gains for residential construction was 3,000 a month. Over the last 12 months, home builders and remodelers added 44,500 jobs on a net basis. Since the low point following the Great Recession, residential construction has gained 1,388,200 positions. In October, the unemployment rate for construction workers rose to 5.3% on a seasonally adjusted basis. The unemployment rate for construction workers has remained at a relatively lower level, after reaching 15.3% in April 2020 due to the housing demand impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Hurricanes and Strikes Hit Labor Market in October2024-11-01T11:18:34-05:00

Patios Continue to Crowd Out Decks on New Homes

2024-10-08T08:18:35-05:00

While the share of new homes with patios continues to climb, the share with decks has hovered at a historic low of under 18%, according to NAHB tabulation of data from the HUD/Census Bureau Survey of Construction (SOC). Every year from the re-design of the SOC in 2005 through 2018, over 22% of single-family homes started featured decks. After that, however, the share dropped significantly, reaching a low of 17.5% in 2021. Since then, the percentage has remained near that trough, at 17.7% in 2022 and 17.6% in 2023. Moreover, this has been occurring at the same time the share of new homes with patios was climbing to a record high 67.7%. In fact, the tendency of deck and patio percentages to move in opposite directions is evident throughout the 2005-2023 period. The correlation between the percentages over that span is -0.84, suggesting that patios on new homes have been functioning as a substitute for decks. When more new homes have patios, fewer have decks. New homes with both a deck and patio do occur but are comparatively rare. Among single-family homes started in 2023, fewer than 6% featured both a deck and a patio. Decks have been more common not only when but where patios are less common. For example, among single-family homes started in 2023, patios were least common (featured ion only 17% of the homes) in the New England Census Division, the same division where a high of 76% of the homes featured decks. At the other extreme, in the West South Central a divisional high 81% of new homes featured patios in 2023, and a divisional low of 3% featured decks. Across all nine divisions in 2023, the correlation between the percentages of new homes with decks and patios was -0.82. Nevertheless, decks remain relatively popular on new homes in some parts of the country. Following the 76% in New England at a distance, 42% of new homes featured decks in 2023 in both the Middle Atlantic and West North Central divisions. More detail on new home deck construction is available from the Annual Builder Practices Survey (BPS) conducted by Home Innovation Research Labs. Nationally, the 2024 BPS report (based on homes built in 2023) shows that the average size of a deck on a new single-family home is 284 square feet. Across Census divisions, the average size ranges from a low of 230 square feet in New England to a high of 382 square feet in the adjacent Middle Atlantic. On a square foot basis, the BPS shows an evolving geographic split in the material builders use most often in deck construction. In the West North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central and West South Central divisions, treated wood remains the top choice. In the New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central and Mountain divisions, composite material has moved ahead of treated wood; while in the Pacific Division, concrete edged out composite for the top spot. The Pacific is also the only division where redwood (a species that can be used outdoors without special pressure treatment) is relatively common in new home deck construction. A previous post covered the characteristics of patios on single-family homes built in 2023. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Patios Continue to Crowd Out Decks on New Homes2024-10-08T08:18:35-05:00

Strong Job Market in September

2024-10-04T11:28:08-05:00

The September jobs report indicates that the U.S. labor market remains strong. Job growth accelerated, and the unemployment rate fell to a three-month low of 4.1%.  Meanwhile, job growth for the previous two months (July and August) was upwardly revised. In September, wage growth accelerated for the second straight month. Wages grew at a 4.0% year-over-year (YOY) growth rate in September, down 0.5 percentage points from a year ago. Wage growth is outpacing inflation, which typically occurs as productivity increases. National Employment Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 254,000 in September, following an upwardly revised increase of 159,000 jobs in August, as reported in the Employment Situation Summary. It marks the largest monthly job gain in the past six months. The estimates for the previous two months were revised higher. The monthly change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up by 55,000, from +89,000 to +144,000, while the change for August was revised up by 17,000 from +142,000 to +159,000. Combined, the revisions were 72,000 higher than previously reported. In the first nine months of 2024, 1,801,000 jobs were created. Additionally, monthly employment growth averaged 200,000 per month, compared with the 251,000 monthly average gain for 2023. The Fed’s easing cycle began on September 18, marking the end of a period of restrictive monetary policy. The U.S. economy has created roughly 8 million jobs since March 2022, when the Fed enacted the first interest rate hike of this cycle. The unemployment rate fell slightly to 4.1% in September, from 4.2% in August. The September decrease in the unemployment rate reflected the decrease in the number of persons unemployed (-281,000) and the increase in the number of persons employed (+430,000). Meanwhile, the labor force participation rate—the proportion of the population either looking for a job or already holding a job—was 62.7% for the third consecutive month. However, for people aged between 25 and 54, the participation rate dipped slightly to 83.8%. This rate exceeds the pre-pandemic level of 83.1%. Meanwhile, the overall labor force participation rate is still below its pre-pandemic levels when it stood at 63.3% at the beginning of 2020. In September, employment continued to trend up in food services and drinking places (+69,000), health care (+45,000), government (+31,000), social assistance (+27,000), and construction (+25,000). Construction Employment Job gains in the overall construction sector continued in September, averaging 20,000 per month over the past 12 months. While residential construction gained 7,800 jobs, non-residential construction employment added 17,900 jobs for the month. Residential construction employment now stands at 3.4 million in September, broken down as 952,000 builders and 2.4 million residential specialty trade contractors. The 6-month moving average of job gains for residential construction was 3,450 a month. Over the last 12 months, home builders and remodelers added 60,500 jobs on a net basis. Since the low point following the Great Recession, residential construction has gained 1,393,800 positions. In September, the unemployment rate for construction workers rose to 4.9% on a seasonally adjusted basis. The unemployment rate for construction workers has remained at a relatively lower level, after reaching 15.3% in April 2020 due to the housing demand impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Strong Job Market in September2024-10-04T11:28:08-05:00

Parking Garages for New Homes 2023

2024-10-04T09:20:25-05:00

In 2023, 66% of newly completed single-family homes featured two-car garages, according to NAHB’s analysis of the Census’s Survey of Construction data. This was the most common parking option across all Census divisions. By Census division, South Atlantic had the highest share of two-car garages at 72%. Three or more car garages were most popular in the West North Central division (38%), while one-car garages were most frequent in the Middle Atlantic division (22%).”Other” parking options, including carports and off-street parking, were most common in the East South Central division (17%). Nationwide, the share of new homes with three or more car garages was 17% in 2023. Three or more car garages have been trending downward since the peak of 24% in 2015, decreasing 2% from 2022.  One-car garages were present in 8% of new homes, another 2% possessed a carport, and 8% did not have any garage or carport. As home size increased, the share of homes with one-car garages or “other” parking options decreased. For homes under 1,200 square feet, “other” parking options were most common (72%). As home sizes go over 5,000 square feet, this share drops to just 2%. One-car garages were most common in homes between 1,200 and 1,599 square feet (18%), while only 1% of homes over 5,000 square feet had this feature. Two-car garages were most prevalent in homes between 1,600 and 1,999 square feet (72%), with the largest share at 81% for homes between 2,000 and 2,399 square feet. For homes between 2,400-2,999 square feet, the two-car garage share fell to 77%. Two-car garages were also the most popular options for homes 3,000-4,999 square feet as well with a smaller share at 58%. Three-car garages were rare in smaller homes (3% for those under 1,200 square feet) but became the most common option (65%) for homes over 5,000 square feet. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Parking Garages for New Homes 20232024-10-04T09:20:25-05:00

Private Residential Construction Spending Falls for Third Straight Month

2024-10-01T13:19:40-05:00

Private residential construction spending fell 0.3% in August, according to the Census Construction Spending data. Nevertheless, it remained 2.7% higher compared to a year ago. The monthly decline in total private construction spending for August was largely due to reduced spending on single-family and multifamily construction. Spending on single-family construction fell by 1.5% in August. This marks the fifth consecutive monthly decrease. The rising new single-family home inventory and expectations for lower interest rates both weight on new home building. Despite these challenges, spending on single-family construction was still 0.8% higher than it was a year earlier. Multifamily construction spending inched down 0.4% in August after a dip of 0.3% in July. Year-over-year, spending on multifamily construction declined 7.5%, as an elevated level of apartments under construction is being completed. Private residential improvement spending increased 1% in August and was 9.4% higher than a year ago. The NAHB construction spending index is shown in the graph below (the base is January 2000). The index illustrates how spending on single-family construction has slowed since early 2024 under the pressure of elevated interest rates. Multifamily construction spending growth has also slowed down after the peak in July 2023. Meanwhile, improvement spending has increased its pace since late 2023. Spending on private nonresidential construction was up 3.6% over a year ago. The annual private nonresidential spending increase was mainly due to higher spending for the class of manufacturing ($36.4 billion), followed by the power category ($8.8 billion). Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Private Residential Construction Spending Falls for Third Straight Month2024-10-01T13:19:40-05:00

Bedrooms in New Single-Family Homes in 2023

2024-09-23T09:22:18-05:00

In 2023, the most common number of bedrooms in newly-built single-family homes continued to be three at a 45.7% share.  This share is up almost three percentage points from 42.8% in 2022. The second highest share was single-family homes with four bedrooms at 33.1%, followed by homes with two bedrooms or less at 11.5% and then homes with five or more bedrooms at 9.7%. As shown above, the share of single-family homes started with three bedrooms rose to its highest level since 2019. While this share rose, the second most frequently built number of bedrooms (four) fell to 33.1%, the lowest share for such homes since 2012. At the same time, the share of new single-family homes with 2 bedrooms or less reached its highest level since 2012. The share of homes with five bedrooms or more has remained fairly stagnant at around 10% over the past ten years. Regions Across U.S. Census divisions, the share of new single-family homes with four or more bedrooms features distinct variations. The share ranged from a low of 22.0% in the New England division to the highest share of 47.9% in the West South Central division. Coinciding with the fall in the share of new single-family homes with 4 bedrooms or more nationally, there are no divisions that have a share above 50%. In 2022, the data featured the South Atlantic (51.7%), Pacific (51.4%) and West South Central (50.6%) all with above 50% shares. Purpose of Construction The number of bedrooms in the home greatly varied in 2023 depending on a new single-family home’s purpose of construction (built-for-sale, contractor-built, owner-built, built-for-rent). Most of this variation comes from the two-bedroom or less homes and four-bedrooms homes. For example, the share of new single-family homes with two bedrooms or less ranges from 5.7% of homes built-for-sale to 38.4% of homes built-for-rent. Meanwhile, three-bedroom homes and five or more bedroom homes display relatively little change across purpose of construction, as shown in the chart below.    Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Bedrooms in New Single-Family Homes in 20232024-09-23T09:22:18-05:00
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